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"Most of the researchers let's games of chess
themselves.
I always had my games in front of the Universe." |
Sir Fred Hoyle, an |
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in the Big bang ! |
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Sir Fred Hoyle
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The astrophysicist who rejects the
Big-Bang.
While the thesis of Big-bang is supported by the
majority of the astronomers, an original English astrophysicist, Sir Fred
Hoyle, always defended the controversial idea that the Universe does not
arise from a hypothetical "explosion". But that on the contrary it would
keep permanently the same state by a process of continuous creation of
matter.
Fred Hoyle was born in Birgley (Yorkshire in northern
England) , He
died on August 20th, 2001. University graduate of
Cambridge (physics).
Military service in the navy takes part in the development of the radar
during the war. Career to Cambridge, at first as Lecturer in mathematics,
then as professor of astronomy and experimental sciences. He leaves the
university in 1972 after some altercations with his colleagues.
His greater claims to fame is to have deserved, three times, the
Nobel prize of physics.
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At first for his works in 1950 in association with
Willy Fowler and with the couple Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge
on the heavy elements nucleosynthesis in stars. But the price was only
attributed in 1983 only to Fowler.
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In 1952, he was interested by the carbon synthesis in
the universe, the base of the chemistry of the life. He showed that the
fashionable model was incomplete, and that the carbon 12 had to possess
a particular incited level. He spoke about it to Fowler who sought this
level with the accelerator of Berkeley, and found it within fortnight!
The chemistry of the life in the universe had been born!
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In 1939 he had already predicted that the hydrogen
largely had to exist in the space in the form of molecular hydrogen,
result of the association of two atoms. taken back in 1955, in
association with Bondi, this hypothesis was coolly welcomed, and
rejected. Afterward these molecular clouds were widely confirmed.
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In Cambridge, his bitter irony, towards his colleagues,
and nevertheless "friends", made him famous to have invented "Big Bang".
We cannot speak about Fred Hoyle without evoking effectively the
cosmological theories which were the object of sometimes "turbulent"
debates in the astronomical and astrophysical microcosm and which
spattered in the public. He is doubtless one of the rare astrophysicists
to reject) the theory which has today the favour of the majority.
In its astrophysicist's activities, it is necessary to
add as well as, during his military service made in the navy during the
war, he took part in the development of the RADAR. This experience was
able to give him the sense of experimental reality. It is this peculiarity
which makes the difference between the qualities of an engineer and those
of a theorist, but which here are gathered here in a single man.
His practical mind does not have prevent him from
dreaming. And it is for the honor. He did not hesitate to draft science
fiction novels into which he inserts original cosmological concepts. We
would not certainly swear that he had the qualities of a big novelist. But
it shows that he had a fertile imagination.
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"After long debates, I savor the
moments |
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when the Universe behaves, as it owes." |
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BIG-BANG MODEL |
ANSWER OF HOYLE |
Centaurus A (Source ESO)

According to the much debated
Hoyle's theory, the Universe is in perpetual creation during local
explosions, mainly in the center of the galaxies of which we see as
above residues.
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1 |
The Universe was born 13 billion years ago from a
gigantic explosion; since, it is expanding
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The Universe did not build up itself during a
mythical event : it is permanently fed by new matter.
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2 |
The 2.7 K Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), is a
witness of the Universe, just after Big-Bang.
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The Big-bang theory cannot predict the current
temperature of the CMB, which is of quite another origin.
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The abundance of the light elements pleads for
Big Bang.
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In fact, the model of Big-bang predicted nothing
of the whole.
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Comments |
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Certain recent observations are disturbing :
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We observed "cosmological" quasars the content of
which in heavy elements (iron) agrees very badly with the distance,
thus with the supposed age, of these objects.
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Some Clusters have stars of which ages would be
incompatible with the age of the universe.
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INTEGRAL and XMM shows completely
surprising phenomena of considerable ejection of relativist plasmas
directly since the black hole of our galaxy. These observations
would seem to show that phenomena of primordial nucleosynthesis would
take place at present.
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About the no-predictivity of Big Bang on the CMB
at 2,7 K, it is necessary to recognize that Gamov always made mistakes
in his predictions. (10 to 50 k). We can add that all alternate models
always gave much better results and, contrary to the legend, well before
those of Gamov. Hoyle proposed a possible interpretation of the
CMB: it would be issued in all the directions of the space by
tiny needle-shaped of iron thrown during explosions of supernovae. He
asserted being capable of calculating the temperature of the background
radiation. Observations in infrared, and the analysis of the residues of
the explosion of the
Supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987, maybe could
agree with these propositions.
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If nucleosynthesis is permanent, what the "predictions"
of Big Bang becomes? Fred Hoyle would then have been right
without and before
XMM / INTEGRAL.
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FRED HOYLE'S SUCCESS |
HIS FAILURES |

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1940
Hoyle asserts that the molecular hydrogen is spread
in the space. The scientific circles grant no credit to this
proposition. Later
this prediction was verified. Since, more than
hundred of even more complex molecules were detected in the form
of
organic molecules. |
1940
The sun crown is several million degrees warmer than
the underlying surface. Hoyle claims that it is due to the bombardment
by gaseous ions. Since the thesis of the turbulent MHD origin was
admitted. |
Willy Fowler

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1953
Hoyle considers that the carbon cannot be synthetized
without the existence of an unknown level of energy.
Willy Fowler identifies the providential level in its laboratory,
but only Fowler received the Nobel prize in 1983. Big scandal. |
Years 1940
Fred Hoyle and R. Littleton asserts that the variable
brightness Cepheid stars, are double stars. Each periodically
eclipsing the other. Hoyle allowed to have made a mistake: they are
simple pulsating stars. |
The comet Halley seen by Giotto

To know more about it:
Springtime Comet Fever |
1986
Hoyle predicts that the core of comet Halley is
black.
The
Giotto mission effectively showed that
Comet Halley is endowed with a black core covered with organic
matter as Hoyle had predicted. |
1985
Discovery of a Jurassic bird fossil of the, the
Archeopteryx. Hoyle assures that it is a forgery.
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To know more about Sir Fred Hoyle:
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Bruce Medalist
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Fred Hoyle Interviewed by Brig Klyce
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Météorites
Martiennes
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Le Mystère
ALH84001
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La quête des
Viking
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Nanobactéries: au delà du micron
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Exobiologie (Jean-Marc Massé)
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Life comes from
space because life comes from life
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Last release:
24/05/15 |
THE ASTRONOMER WHO DISTURBS,
HALTON ARP: |
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